Tuesday, April 26, 2011

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Gernika, 74 anniversary.


The bombing of Guernica (Operation Rügen) was an aerial attack on this symbolic Basque population on 26 April 1937 during the English Civil War by part of the German Condor Legion and Italian Legionary Aviation, who fought for the rebels. Current estimates put the dead victims in a range that covers from 120 to 300 people, 126 according to the most recent and comprehensive study.


The Guernica was not the first carpet bombing with the aim of destroying a city, it in fact was a vital military objective at the time (cut off the retreat of troops and supplies popular front in the campaign of Biscay). However, thanks to the false classification as "attacking civilians, the international repercussions reached this bombing coupled with the use of propaganda has made it a slaughter globally known and considered as an anti-war icon. As a result, the tragedy was exploited by both sides and mythologized for propaganda purposes. At first the rebels blamed the destruction of the city Republicans, as had happened in Eibar and Irun, but soon showed the world the reality of the facts due to the presence of several British journalists Bilbao important as George Steer ( The Times). Juan Negrin's government used the bombing as a badge of anti-Franco, Pablo Picasso adapting one of his paintings for the International Exhibition of Paris of 1937. This work would become one of the most prominent icons of the twentieth century painting and anti-war.

However, it was the first bombing that had carried out the national partners of Biscay, since a month before Italian planes had bombed Durango on March 31 for 20 minutes, causing some 294 deaths (see Bombing Durango). Nor was it the first time that civilians were attacked (in February 1937, the Legion itself to the column was strafed civilian refugees on the road between Malaga and Almeria causing hundreds of casualties). Nor was the latter, since in 1938 the city of Alicante suffered the bombing on 25 May. Similarly, it should be noted that aviation had made bombing Republican Stocks under control "national" as Oviedo, Zaragoza and Córdoba, 4 August 1936.



In 1997, the then German President Roman Herzog, in a letter read to the survivors of the bombing by the German ambassador in Spain on the occasion of 60 years, publicly asked forgiveness for the apparent bombing of German authorship.
(From Wikipedia

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